The Benefits Of Junk Modelling For Under 5s

Cardboard tubes, plastic bottles and an old shoe box could be the key to developing your child's imagination, teaching them how to solve problems and improve communication skills. Our Education Advisor, Ruth, explains why you should think twice before throwing these items in the recycling box.

Why Recycled Play Materials Matter In Early Childhood

When I first became a practitioner,  junk modelling was a weekly, if not daily, occurrence in the nursery. There was always a constant supply of cereal boxes, cardboard tubes and yoghurt pots being brought in by parents just waiting to be transformed into robots, boats, rockets and all manner of other creations… some of which didn’t resemble anything but that was great. It was all about the process and the open-ended creative journey children shared.

I now find it awkward to call this type of opportunity ‘junk’ as it makes it sound as though children are playing with rubbish, diminishing the purpose. The term recyclable feels far more fitting, particularly as it introduces conversations around sustainability and environmental responsibility at an early age, something that aligns closely with the thoughtfully designed nursery environments across Fennies.

I like to think of junk modelling as the ‘lost art’ of Early Years creativity. While it may not be as visible as it once was, its value remains incredibly strong. Through this type of play, children are given the time and freedom to explore ideas in depth, supporting a meaningful and enriching Fennies day both at nursery and at home.

What Are Open-Ended Resources?

When we use recycled materials for junk modelling, we offer children open-ended play opportunities, meaning resources can be used in many different ways with no fixed outcome. A cardboard box might become a rocket, a house or a tunnel, whereas a toy fire engine will always remain a fire engine. Research from UNICEF highlights the importance of play in supporting creativity, confidence and problem-solving in early childhood.

These materials encourage children to follow their interests, explore their own ideas and make independent choices. This kind of sustained, imaginative engagement supports creative play for children and naturally fosters a language-rich environment as children describe, explain and negotiate their ideas.

What Are The Benefits Of Junk Modelling?

Junk modelling allows children to experiment, problem-solve and persevere, all while having fun. Skills such as using scissors, tape and glue help strengthen fine motor control, while working out how to connect materials encourages logical thinking and resilience. These experiences support children’s physical growth, as explored further in physical development activities.

In early years education, we often talk about stretch and challenge, particularly in preschool. Recycled modelling naturally provides this for children of all ages, drawing on the characteristics of effective learning, including exploring, having a go and taking pride in achievements. Early problem-solving experiences like these also reflect the benefits of early STEM engagement highlighted by the British Council.

How Does Junk Modelling Link To The EYFS?

Junk modelling supports many areas of learning within the Early Years Foundation Stage, which places strong emphasis on learning through play and exploration as outlined in the EYFS framework.

Communication And Language

Children naturally discuss their ideas, negotiate roles and learn new vocabulary as they create together. This also supports personal, social and emotional development, helping children build confidence and cooperation, which closely links to social development in early childhood.

STEM

Designing, building and testing creations encourages early STEM thinking, using positional language, shape recognition and measurement. These foundations link beautifully with introducing STEM to toddlers.

Expressive Arts And Design

Junk modelling allows children to express ideas creatively while strengthening fine motor skills through cutting, joining and constructing. This mirrors the principles discussed in the role of art and craft in enhancing fine motor skills.

How To Introduce Junk Modelling Activities

Babies and toddlers often begin by exploring boxes physically, climbing in and out or filling and emptying containers. These behaviours reflect early schemas and sensory learning, which connect closely with the power of sensory exploration in early years.

As children grow, they begin experimenting with cutting, painting and mark making, gradually developing their own ideas. With guidance from adults and strong parent partnerships, children gain confidence to plan and refine their creations.

How To Enhance Junk Modelling Activities

Creativity is a skill that supports children well beyond the early years, influencing how they think, adapt and problem-solve later in life. Asking open-ended questions such as “What do you think will happen if…?” or “How could we make this stronger?” encourages deeper thinking and sustained shared learning.

This collaborative approach supports emotional understanding and confidence, linking closely with helping toddlers navigate their feelings.

So, dive into the world of recycled modelling and enjoy watching children create something new every time. You can share your wonderful creations on Instagram by tagging @fenniesnurseries.